Latest PTE Read Aloud October 2023
- Medical Advances
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It is intuitively true that medical advances have provided public health care with unabated support. Moreover, the vaccination program has been a contributing factor to the betterment of health standards. One of the salient and positive features of providing funds for medical research is that it helps find solutions for deadly diseases, and many people have benefitted considerably from the new treatments.
2. Water shortage
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In numerous nations, water is a contributing factor, to the economy’s improvement. However, in some nations water shortage is a stumbling block to investors. In several developing countries, erratic water supply is a grave concern that needs the urgent attention of the higher authorities. The world’s population should provide unstinted support to higher authorities to mitigate water wastage.
3. Obesity
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In the contemporary epoch, the percentage of obese people has increased appreciably. The prominent reason for this is the overuse of sophisticated technology that encourages a sedentary lifestyle. Moreover, convenience foods have made inroads in people’s lives, and they savour this food despite knowing that it is detrimental to their health. To become fit, we must avoid unhealthy habits and adopt an active lifestyle.
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Switzerland has sublime scenery that fascinates tourists from all parts of the world every year. The administration has left no stone unturned to keep the country clean and pristine. Due to this reason, the visitors find it alluring, and there is no denying this conviction that it is the best holiday destination for people from all walks of life. Other countries too have started following the model of clean and green cities to woo tourists.
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Due to the ongoing corona pandemic, companies have adopted innovative ways to run the show smoothly. The recent development is allowing the workforce to work from home. One of the salient and positive features of letting employees work from home is ensuring employee loyalty. Due to this reason, this new trend is gaining momentum, and its popularity will continue to flourish.
6. Modern Technology
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The overreliance of human beings on sophisticated technology has reduced crucial face-to-face interactions dramatically. Moreover, a few digital games are addictive, and they lead to a damaging effect on the mental health of their users by keeping them isolated from society. On the other hand, some gadgets bring proximity and closeness by helping people connect freely and easily with no geographical barriers.
7. Nothing is free
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It is intuitively true that free is usually very expensive, and people realize it later when they use the no cost product or service. Most human beings have this uncanny knack for underestimating anything available at zero price. In the contemporary epoch, people watch a boatload of videos on Youtube. They do not know that the free service is coming at a price, as the company is using our eyeballs to promote products.
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As per the old school of thought, hard work leads our lives towards an impressive growth trajectory: however, in the contemporary epoch doing smart work is of utmost importance to climb the ladder to success. To work smartly, we must take breaks betwixt our tasks: moreover, we must indulge in power naps to recharge ourselves. Apart from this, we must spend some time in the arms of nature. Our central focus should be on one pursuit at a time. Lastly, we must enjoy the process with a clear vision.
9. Being alone
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Nikola Tesla had an immense belief in the power of loneliness. As per him, being alone are the secret of invention, and all breakthroughs thrive primarily on it because ideas take place in the minds of lonely people. Because when we are in a company, we have to look at the interests and needs of others, whereas in solitary confinement, our central focus is on the tasks at hand.
10. Power of patience
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Patience is a must-have attribute to bring a paradigm shift in our lives to lead towards an impressive growth trajectory. In numerous cases, people keep working hard for two years with no significant traction: However, in the third year, they make colossal gains and achieve something substantial. Hence it is imperative to keep going and stay patient.
11. Mindset
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Certain habits damage our mindset. The first and foremost is our ego, as it widens the gap between us and our near and dear ones. Secondly, the wrong company is detrimental to our mental health because we become the average of five people we meet and interact with daily. Moreover, a negative attitude prevents us from making colossal gains as it puts a cap on our abilities. Furthermore, following the crowd is one habit that makes us average achievers. Apart from this, being materialistic keeps our relations at bay, and we fail to utilize them. Lastly, immoral actions take the peace out of our lives.
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Numerous psychologists opine that when you begin taking care of yourself, you pave the way for fortunes in your life. This changed attitude is contagious, and it empowers you to attract others. Moreover, it leads to a positive upsurge in the optimism required to handle the conflicts adroitly. It is intuitively true because focussing on ourselves leads our lives towards an impressive growth trajectory.
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There is no denying this conviction that our hobbies define us. Most people love to go out and talk more than act. Moreover, they never read or exercise. Lastly, they spend whatever they earn. On the other hand, successful people make it a point to read daily, and they prefer to work in silence. Despite a busy schedule, they engage in a physical workout, and they have the habit of investing their money.
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Our brain is a supercomputer, and to update its software, we need to read books, listen to podcasts and gain new experiences. Furthermore, to clean its hard drive, meditation is of utmost importance: moreover, journaling and self-talk also play pivotal roles in cleaning it. To protect its battery, we must connect to nature, and have eight hours of mandatory sleep. Lastly, in the contemporary epoch where sophisticated technology has made inroads in our lives, technology detox is of high significance.
15. Sleep
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Sleep deprivation is a pressing problem for many people in this contemporary epoch. To help insomniacs get sound sleep establishing certain set routines is a prudent approach. The best way to achieve this aim is to follow the principle of early to bed and early to rise. Secondly, people must refrain from consuming
caffeine, nicotine and alcohol. Moreover, the bedroom should not experience much noise.
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Shark Tank is a TV programme that has carved out a niche. It has gained immense popularity because it helps the audience to think beyond the conventional domain. A person living in a remote village can think of a paradigm shift because he is just one idea away from leading his life towards an impressive growth trajectory. To get funding through this show, the participants need a brilliant idea. Moreover, they must have the entrepreneurial ability.
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Every organisation have employees who have this uncanny knack for doing things beyond the conventional domain. Due to this reason, most subordinates seek flashes of inspiration from them to climb the ladder of success. Moreover, they expend too much energy that encourages their team to perform daunting tasks with tremendous ease. Furthermore, turning the lean patch into a purple patch is their forte, and that is why they rake in big bucks to lead an opulent lifestyle.
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During my visit to Egypt, I had a mixed experience.No doubt I enjoyed visiting the pyramids, especially the great one at Giza: However, the way the local authorities had maintained the seven wonders of the world was a matter of grave concern. There were no toilet facilities nearby: moreover, security was also inadequate. Although there were a lot of tourists, no single guide was present to apprise them about the history of this marvellous monument.
19. Big Bang
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The Big Bang came into the picture some 13.5 YEARS AGO when matter, energy, time and space existed. The story of these essential attributes of our universe is termed physics. About 300,000 years after the big bang, matter and energy began to come together to form complex structures named atoms, which then joined into molecules. The story of atoms, molecules and their interactions is termed chemistry.
20. History
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It is a fact that around 3.8 billion years ago, on Earth, specific molecules joined to create particularly massive and complex structures named organisms. The study of organisms is known as biology. Around 70,000 years back, organisms from Sapiens began to create even more intricate structures termed cultures. The successive growth of these human cultures is known as history.
21. Revolutions
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Three significant revolutions played a remarkable role in history: the Cognitive Revolution trailblazed history about 70,000 years ago. The Agricultural Revolution fostered growth about 12,000 years ago. The Scientific Revolution, which gained momentum only 500 years ago, has the potential to end history and begin something entirely different.
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Those Species that evolved from a common ancestor are grouped
under the heading ‘genus’, whose plural is genera. The genus Panthera includes different species, like lions, tigers, leopards and jaguars. Biologists name organisms with a two-part Latin name, genus trailed by species. Lions, for instance, are addressed as Panthera leo, the species leo of the genus Panthera.
23. Homo Sapiens
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It is a fact that for a sizeable period, Homo sapiens believed itself as set apart from animals, an orphan without family, not having siblings or cousins, and most significantly, without parents. But that’s just a blatant lie. Whether we like it or not, the gospel truth is that we belong to an extensive and boisterous family named the great apes.
24. Human
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Homo sapiens have a hidden and disturbing secret. A long time back, we had several brothers and sisters alongside our cousin’s apes. We believe that we are the only humans because, for the last 10,000 years, our species, in all probability, have been the only human species around. However, the actual definition of the word human is ‘an animal from the genus Homo’, and there used to be numerous other species of this genus apart from Homo sapiens.
25. The first evolution
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The first evolution of Humans happened in East Africa around 2.5 million years back through an earlier genus of apes named Australopithecus, which means ‘Southern Ape’. About 2 million years ago, a few of these archaic men and women abandoned their native places to travel through and explore vast areas of North Africa, Europe and Asia. As survival in the snow-capped forests of northern Europe needed different abilities than those required to survive in Indonesia’s steaming jungles, human populations evolved in divergent directions.
26. Neanderthals
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Neanderthalensis evolved from humans in Europe and western Asia, popularly named ‘Neanderthals’. Neanderthals, heavier and more muscular than us Sapiens, were well suited to the cold temperature of Ice Age western Eurasia. The more eastern regions of Asia accommodated Homo erectus, ‘Upright Man’, who remained there for nearly 2 million years, making it the most robust human species ever.
27. Homo floresiensis
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The unique species, named by scientists as Homo floresiensis, attained a maximum height of only one metre and their weight inclined to not more than twenty-five kilograms. However, their physical traits did not undermine their ability as they created stone tools and sometimes hunted down the elephants, which were also dwarfs.
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In 2010, scientists unearthed the Denisova Cave in Siberia and found a fossilized finger bone. Genetic analysis confirmed that the finger belonged to a hitherto unknown human species, monikered Homo Denisova. There is no denying this conviction that our numerous lost relatives are yet to be found in other caves, islands, and climes.
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In Homo sapiens, the brain has about 2–3 per cent of total body weight. However, it requires 25 per cent of the body’s energy at rest. On the other hand, the brains of other apes need only 8 per cent of rest-time energy. Archaic humans paid for their large brains via two means. Firstly, they utilized more time searching for food. Secondly, their muscles degenerated.
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Our big brains work like a charm for us because we can make automobiles and weapons that empower us to move much swifter than chimps and kill them from a safe distance rather than wrestling. However, cars and guns are a recent phenomenon. For more than 2 million years, human neural networks kept expanding and expanding; nevertheless, apart from some flint knives and pointed sticks, humans had precious little to exhibit for it.
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Walking upright has its drawbacks. The skeleton of our primate
ancestors grew for millions of years to stand as a creature that
walked on all fours and had a relatively small head. Adjusting to an
upright position was daunting, mainly when the scaffolding
had to carry an extra-large cranium. Humans paid the price for their lofty
vision and industrious hands with backaches and stiff necks.
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As compared to other animals, humans birth happens
premature, when their numerous vital systems are still underdeveloped.
A colt can trot shortly after birth; a kitten leaves its mother to forage on
its own when it is just a few weeks old. Human babies require support
and remain dependent on their elders for a sizeable amount of time for nourishment, protection and knowledge.
33. Mammals
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Despite their numerous variances, all human species share several defining attributes. Most strikingly, humans have enormous brains
than other animals. Mammals which weigh sixty kilograms possess an
average brain size of 200 cubic centimetres. 2.5 million years ago, the earliest men and women carried brains of about 600 cubic
centimetres.
34. Homo soloensis
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The island of Java, in Indonesia, accommodated Homo soloensis, a Man from the Solo Valley who had traits to live in the tropics. On another
Indonesian island named the small island of Flores, archaic humans
experienced a process of dwarfing. Humans first lay feet on Flores when the sea level declined considerably, and reaching the island
from the mainland was easy.
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Most mammals emerge from the womb like glazed earthenware from a kiln – any attempt to remodel their conventional will scratch or break them. On the contrary, humans appear from the womb like molten glass from a furnace. They can be spun, stretched and shaped in numerous ways with a degree of freedom. It is why today, we can educate our children to follow the religion and society of their choice.
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A large brain, using tools, superior learning prowess and complicated social structures are massive benefits. It is a gospel truth that these have made humankind earn the distinction of the most powerful animal on earth. However, humans savoured all of these advantages for a full 2 million years, during which they remained fragile and marginal creatures.
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Humans who lived on planet earth a million years ago had big brains and sharp stone tools. However, still, they dwelt in persistent fear of predators, occasionally hunted large game, and survived mainly by amassing plants, scooping up insects, stalking small animals, and eating the carrion left behind by other more robust carnivores.
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The most significant use of early stone tools was to crack open
bones to reach the marrow. Some scientists opine this was
our original niche. Just as woodpeckers have expertise in extracting insects from the trunks of trees, the first humans excelled in extracting marrow from bones.
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Earlier humans predated smaller creatures and
amassed what they could, all the while being chased by larger
predators. It was only 400,000 years back that several species of man
began to hunt large game regularly, and only in the last
100,000 years – with the rise of Homo sapiens – that man inclined to the
the pinnacle of the food chain.
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Lone mothers could hardly forage sufficient eatables for their kids and themselves. Raising children needed regular support from other
family members and neighbours. It requires a tribe for the upbringing of a human. Evolution hence supports those competent enough to create strong social ties. Moreover, since humans are born underdeveloped, they can be taught and socialised to a higher proportion than any other animal.
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Most top predators of the planet have earned the distinction of being majestic creatures. Millions of years of dominion have inculcated self-confidence in them. On the contrary, Sapiens behave more like a banana republic dictator. In the recent past, we were one of the underdogs of the savannah; due to this, we possess umpteen fears and anxieties over our position, which makes us highly cruel and threatening. Numerous historical calamities, from devastating wars to ecological disasters, have happened from this over-hasty jump.
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The advent of cooking empowers humans to relish more varieties of food, allocate less time to eating, and live life with smaller teeth and shorter intestines. A few scholars assert a direct connection between the evolution of cooking, the compressing of the human intestinal tract, and the development of the human brain. Since long intestines and a large brain consume massive energy in unison, having both is challenging.